This workshop invites contributions that investigate displacement, migration, and refugee relief in Southern European countries, the Balkans, the Middle East, and North Africa during the Twentieth Century. The main temporal focus lies on (but is not limited to) the period between the early 1920s and the late 1960s, discussing the effects of continued or renewed conflicts on refugees in the Mediterranean from the first postwar period to the aftermath of the Second World War and the first decades of the State of Israel.